The
base Special stat is passed onto either Special Attack or Special Defense (or both), but the actual stat is also dependent on several additional factors (DVs/IVs, level and Stat Experience/EVs). Trading recalculates the stats, so I assume that your
Nidoking had leftover Special EVs (even in Generation II, both Special Attack and Special Defense share the EV for Special to maintain compatibility) which raised its Special Attack (but not Special Defense due to a rounding effect) upon being traded. But the fact remains that
Nidoking's Special Attack base stat was derived from its Special base stat.
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